Key takeaways
- AREDS and AREDS2 were large US studies in people who already had age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- In people with intermediate or advanced AMD in one eye, the formula reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD by about 25% over five years.
- It wasn't shown to prevent AMD in people with healthy eyes.
- The formula uses high doses, including 80mg of zinc, so it should only be taken on an eye professional's advice.
In this guide
What were AREDS and AREDS2?
The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies were run by the US National Eye Institute. The first, AREDS, reported in 2001. AREDS2 followed and reported in 2013.
Both looked at whether high-dose vitamins and minerals could slow age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of sight loss in older adults in the UK.
The headline result: in people with intermediate AMD, or advanced AMD in one eye, the formula lowered the risk of developing advanced AMD by about 25% over five years (National Eye Institute).
AREDS2 also replaced beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin, partly because beta-carotene had been linked to a higher lung cancer risk in smokers.
What's in the AREDS2 formula
| Nutrient | AREDS2 daily dose | For comparison (UK) |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C | 500mg | NHS: adults need 40mg a day |
| Vitamin E | 400 IU | Well above everyday needs |
| Zinc | 80mg (some versions 25mg) | NHS: don't take more than 25mg a day unless advised |
| Copper | 2mg | Added because high zinc can lower copper |
| Lutein | 10mg | Found in leafy greens |
| Zeaxanthin | 2mg | Found in sweetcorn, peppers and eggs |
Who it's for, and who it isn't
- For: people diagnosed with intermediate or advanced AMD, when recommended by their optometrist or ophthalmologist
- Not shown to help: people with healthy eyes or very early AMD
- Get advice first if you take other supplements, have kidney problems, or take medication, because of the high zinc and vitamin E doses
If you're over 40 or have a family history of AMD, regular eye tests are the most useful step. The NHS AMD page explains the signs, such as straight lines looking wavy.
AREDS2 vs everyday eye supplements
Everyday eye formulas are a different category. They're designed for adults who want to top up the nutrients in their diet, not to treat a diagnosed condition.
| AREDS2-style formula | Everyday eye formula | |
|---|---|---|
| Designed for | Diagnosed intermediate or advanced AMD | General adult diet support |
| Zinc | 25–80mg | Usually 5–15mg |
| Take on advice? | Yes, from an eye professional | Follow the label |
Our lutein and zeaxanthin guide covers everyday sources and doses.
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- Lutein and zeaxanthin with bilberry and pine bark
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- Copper, manganese and selenium contribute to the protection of cells from oxidative stress
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Shop BioEyeNourish →Not a treatment for AMD. If you've been diagnosed, follow your eye specialist's advice.
Questions people ask
Should I take AREDS2 to prevent macular degeneration?
The studies didn't show it prevents AMD in people with healthy eyes. Ask your optometrist whether it's right for you.
Is AREDS2 available on the NHS?
AREDS2-style supplements are usually bought over the counter. Your optometrist or eye clinic can advise whether one is suitable.
Why is the zinc dose so high?
The original study tested 80mg. That's well above the NHS upper guidance of 25mg a day, which is why it should only be taken on professional advice.
Is lutein from food as good?
Leafy greens, peas, sweetcorn and eggs all provide lutein. Most people can get some from a varied diet.
Is AREDS2 halal?
It depends on the brand. Check the capsule (often gelatine) and look for a halal approval.
Sources: National Eye Institute: AREDS/AREDS2 · NHS: AMD · NHS: zinc guidance · GB NHC register
This article is general information, not medical advice. If you have concerns about your eyesight, see an optometrist or your GP. Food supplements should not replace a varied, balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.
